Peb tsab ntawv SNP yog ubiquitous nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm pej xeem noob caj noob ces.Tsis hais txog kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob tib neeg, kev cog qoob loo, kev hloov pauv tsiaj thiab molecular ecology, SNPs yog qhov xav tau los ua lub hauv paus.Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tsis muaj kev nkag siab tob txog cov noob caj noob ces niaj hnub no raws li kev sib txuas ua ke, thiab ntsib peb tsab ntawv no, nws zoo li "tus neeg paub zoo tshaj plaws", ces koj tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tom ntej.Yog li ua ntej pib kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, cia peb saib seb SNP yog dab tsi.

SNP (ib leeg nucleotide polymorphism), peb tuaj yeem pom los ntawm nws lub npe lus Askiv, nws hais txog ib qho nucleotide variation lossis polymorphism.Nws kuj muaj ib lub npe txawv, hu ua SNV (ib leeg nucleotide variation).Hauv qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tib neeg, tsuas yog cov neeg uas muaj cov pej xeem ntau dua 1% hu ua SNPs, tab sis hais dav dav, ob qho tuaj yeem sib xyaw.Yog li peb tuaj yeem hais tias SNP, ib leeg nucleotide polymorphism, hais txog kev hloov pauv uas ib nucleotide hauv genome hloov los ntawm lwm nucleotide.Piv txwv li, hauv daim duab hauv qab no, AT puag khub yog hloov nrog GC puag khub, uas yog qhov chaw SNP.

Duab

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias nws yog "ib leeg nucleotide polymorphism" lossis "ib qho nucleotide variation", nws kuj hais lus, yog li SNP cov ntaub ntawv xav tau genome resequencing raws li lub hauv paus, uas yog, cov ntaub ntawv sequenced tom qab tus neeg lub genome yog sequenced.Piv rau genome, qhov chaw sib txawv ntawm cov genome raug kuaj pom raws li SNP qhov chaw.

Hais txog SNPs ntawm zaub,Plant Direct PCR cov khoom sivtuaj yeem siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav ceev.

Hais txog kev hloov pauv, SNP suav nrog kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv.Kev hloov pauv yog hais txog kev hloov cov purines nrog purines lossis pyrimidines nrog pyrimidines.Kev hloov pauv yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm purines thiab pyrimidines.Qhov zaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim yuav txawv, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv yuav siab dua qhov kev hloov pauv.

Hais txog qhov twg SNP tshwm sim, SNPs sib txawv yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov genome.SNPs uas tshwm sim hauv thaj av intergenic, uas yog, thaj av nruab nrab ntawm cov noob ntawm cov genome, yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm genome, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv intron lossis thaj av txhawb nqa ntawm cov noob yuav muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau cov noob;Cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam exon ntawm cov noob, nyob ntawm seb lawv puas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov amino acids encoded, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces.(Yog lawm, txawm tias ob lub SNPs ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov amino acids, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov protein, thiab thaum kawg cov teebmeem ntawm cov phenotype yuav txawv heev).

Txawm li cas los xij, tus naj npawb ntawm SNPs uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw noob yog feem ntau tsawg dua li ntawm qhov chaw tsis yog noob, vim tias SNP uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ciaj sia ntawm tus neeg, ua rau tus neeg nqa SNP no hauv pab pawg ntawm lawv raug tshem tawm.

Tau kawg, rau cov kab mob diploid, chromosomes muaj nyob rau hauv khub, tab sis nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau ib khub ntawm chromosomes kom zoo ib yam rau txhua lub hauv paus.Yog li ntawd, qee qhov SNPs tseem yuav tshwm sim heterozygous, uas yog, muaj ob lub hauv paus ntawm txoj haujlwm no ntawm chromosome.Hauv ib pab pawg, SNP genotypes ntawm cov tib neeg sib txawv tau sib sau ua ke, uas dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau feem ntau cov kev tshuaj ntsuam tom ntej.Ua ke nrog cov cwj pwm, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb SNP raws li cov cim molecular txuas rau qhov zoo, QTL (quantitative trait locus) ntawm qhov zoo tuaj yeem raug txiav txim, thiab GWAS (kev tshawb fawb genome-wide koom haum) lossis kev tsim kho caj ces yuav ua tau;SNP tuaj yeem siv los ua tus cim molecular txiav txim qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tib neeg;koj tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas SNPs ua haujlwm thiab kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kabmob;koj tuaj yeem siv SNP allele zaus hloov lossis heterozygous tus nqi thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas los txiav txim siab xaiv thaj chaw ntawm cov genome ... thiab lwm yam, ua ke nrog rau tam sim no Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm high-throughput sequencing, ntau pua txhiab lossis ntau qhov chaw SNP tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas.Nws tuaj yeem hais tias SNP tam sim no tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav noob caj noob ces.

Tau kawg, qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov hauv paus hauv genome tsis yog ib txwm hloov ntawm ib lub hauv paus nrog lwm tus (txawm tias qhov no yog qhov feem ntau).Nws tseem ua tau tias ib lossis ob peb lub hauv paus ploj lawm, lossis ob lub hauv paus.Ob peb lwm lub hauv paus tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab.Qhov no me me ntawm insertions thiab deletions yog collectively hu ua InDel (insertion and deletion), uas tshwj xeeb yog hais txog kev ntxig thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov tawg luv luv (ib lossis ob peb lub hauv paus).InDel uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov noob kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob, yog li qee zaum InDel kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb.Tab sis zuag qhia tag nrho, cov xwm txheej ntawm SNP raws li lub hauv paus ntawm cov noob caj noob ces yog tseem unshakable.