"Nucleic acid tshuaj" siv "nucleic acid," uas xa mus rau cov khoom xws li DNA thiab RNA uas tswj cov ntaub ntawv caj ces, ua tshuaj.Cov no tso cai rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov molecules xws li mRNA thiab miRNA uas tsis tuaj yeem raug tsom nrog cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj molecular hnyav thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab muaj kev cia siab zoo rau cov tshuaj no raws li cov tshuaj tiam tom ntej.Cov kev tshawb fawb nquag tau ua tiav thoob ntiaj teb raws li nws xav tias yuav ua rau kev tsim cov tshuaj uas yav dhau los cuam tshuam tsis tau.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tau raug taw qhia tias kev txhim kho cov tshuaj nucleic acid muaj teeb meem los daws, suav nrog "(i) tsis ruaj khov ntawm nucleic acid molecules hauv lub cev," "(ii) kev txhawj xeeb rau cov tshuaj tsis zoo," thiab "(iii) nyuaj hauv kev xa tshuaj (DDS).Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tuam txhab Nyij Pooj yog cov kauj ruam tom qab hauv kev txhim kho cov tshuaj nucleic acid vim yog monopolization ntawm cov patents tseem ceeb ntawm nucleic acid los ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau Japanese txoj kev loj hlob.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj nucleic acid
"Nucleic acid tshuaj" yog ib tiam tshiab tshuaj nrhiav tau technology nrog ib tug txawv kiag li mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim tshaj li ib txwm tshuaj cov khoom.Nws kuj tseem muaj lub peev xwm los tsim tau yooj yim ntawm cov molecules me me thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom pom kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb uas dhau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.Vim yog cov yam ntxwv no, muaj kev cia siab rau cov tshuaj nucleic acid yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav thiab cov kab mob sib kis uas yav tas los nyuaj rau kev kho mob, nrog rau cov mob xws li mob khaub thuas thiab kis kab mob.
Hom tshuaj nucleic acid
Nucleic acid tshuaj uas siv DNA thiab RNA suav nrog cov uas tsom nucleic acids nyob rau theem uas cov protein yog synthesized los ntawm genome DNA (xws li mRNA thiab miRNA) thiab cov hom phiaj protein.
Hom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj nucleic acid (cov tshuaj rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob)
Muaj cov tshuaj nucleic acid nrog ntau hom thiab cov yam ntxwv raws li lub hom phiaj thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua.
| Hom | Hom phiaj | Qhov chaw ntawm kev ua | Mechanism ntawm kev ua | Cov ntsiab lus |
| siRNA | mRNA | Hauv cell (cytoplasm) | mRNA cleavage | Ob-stranded RNA nrog cleavage ntawm mRNA homologous rau lubkab zauv (siRNA), ib leeg-stranded hairpin RNA (shRNA), thiab lwm yam.nrog rau cov nyhuv raws li txoj cai ntawm RNAi |
| miRNA | microRNA | Hauv cell (cytoplasm) | microRNA hloov | Ob-stranded RNA, miRNA ntawm ib leeg-stranded hairpin RNAlos yog nws cov mimic yog siv los ntxiv dag zog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm miRNA deterioratedlos ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb |
| Antisense | mRNA miRNA | Nyob rau hauv lub cell (nyob rau hauv lub nucleus, cytoplasm) | mRNA thiab miRNA degradation, splicing inhibition | Ib leeg-stranded RNA/DNA uas khi rau lub hom phiaj mRNAthiab miRNA ua rau degradation lossis inhibition,los yog ua kom hla exon thaum splicing |
| Aptamer | Protein (extracellular protein) | Sab nraum lub cell | Muaj nuj nqi inhibition | Ib leeg-stranded RNA/DNA uas khi rau lub hom phiaj proteinzoo ib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv / DNA |
| Decoy | Protein (transcription factor) | Hauv lub cell (hauv nucleus) | Transcription inhibition | Ob-stranded DNA nrog zoo ib yam li ib ntus mus rau qhov chaw khirau transcription factor, uas khi rau transcription factorntawm cov gene cuam tshuam los suppress lub hom phiaj gene |
| Ribozyme | RNA | Hauv cell (cytoplasm) | RNA cleavage | Ib leeg-stranded RNA nrog enzyme muaj nuj nqi rau khi thiab cleavagentawm lub hom phiaj RNA |
| CpG ua | Protein (receptor) | Cell nto | Kev tiv thaiv kab mob | Oligodeoxynucleotide nrog CpG motif (ib leeg-stranded DNA) |
| Lwm yam | - | - | - | Nucleic acid tshuajlwm yam tshaj li cov teev saum toj no uas ua rauqhib lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li PolyI: PolyC (ob-stranded RNA)thiab antigen |
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-25-2023
