Kev kuaj sim pib nrog kev sau cov qauv, thiab kev sau cov qauv yog qhov yooj yim tshaj los saib.Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev sau cov qauv yog xaiv cov qauv kom raug, siv cov cuab yeej kuaj pom zoo, thiab ua kom tsim nyog kev thauj mus los thiab kev ua haujlwm.

I. Qauv hom

Hom qauv piv txwv yog raws li nram no:

Cov qauv qauv tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig ntawm tus kabmob tshiab no hauv kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb (bazaar) kev ua lag luam ":

1. Swab cov qauv ntawm lub caj pas swabs, tes, khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov kws kho mob: nws yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nyob rau hauv cov kab mob sampling raj thiab tag nrho infiltrate cov qauv paj rwb swabs.Cov av saum npoo av) rov ua dua thiab yaug ntau dua 3 zaug.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua ntau cov ntsiab lus faib cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv.

2. Cov qauv ntawm cov zaub mov saum npoo: cov qauv zaub mov tsis tuaj yeem sau ncaj qha.Cov zaub mov yuav tsum tau muab sib cais kom zoo thiab khaws cia rau hauv ib lub hnab ntim khoom huv si ua ntej sau cov qauv swab.Nws yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov kab mob sampling tube, tom qab ua kom tag nrho cov sampling paj rwb swab, rov smear thiab yaug qhov saum npoo ntawm cov qauv zaub mov kom khaws ntau tshaj 3 zaug.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua ntau cov ntsiab lus faib cov qauv ntawm cov qauv saum npoo.

3. Cov qauv dej phwj tuaj: Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov kav dej hauv kev ua lag luam, xaiv 2-3 qhov chaw kuaj dej phwj, tsom mus rau kev sib sau cov yeeb nkab hauv lub network, qhov qis qis ntawm cov dej ntws cov kev taw qhia, lossis kev sib txuas nrog cov kav dej hauv nroog.Txhawm rau sau cov qauv swab, muab tso rau hauv cov dej phwj tuaj nrog cov qauv paj rwb kom nws nqus cov dej phwj tuaj thiab yaug nws hauv cov kav dej ntau tshaj 3 zaug.Txhawm rau sau cov qauv dej phwj tuaj, siv lub hwj yas polyethylene los sau 30-500 mL cov qauv dej phwj;rau kev sau cov dej phwj tuaj nrog lub ntim ntau dua 500 mL, cov thoob yas polyethylene lossis cov khoom siv dej hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv tau.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua ntau lub ntsiab lus faib cov qauv rau qhov chaw kuaj dej phwj.

4. Cov qauv tsiaj txhu: Rau cov tsiaj muaj sia, cov qauv swabs tuaj yeem siv los sau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, oropharyngeal swabs thiab qhov quav swabs, thiab cov excrement lossis secretion samples kuj tuaj yeem sau thiab sau raws li hauv daim ntawv teev npe.Rau cov qauv tsiaj uas tau ua rau tawv nqaij, thiab lwm yam, siv paj rwb swabs los sau lawv lub cev nto thiab lub cev kab noj hniav swab kuaj.Nws yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov kab mob sampling tube kom nkag mus rau hauv cov sampling paj rwb swab, thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua daim ntawv thov ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom noj coj mus kuaj.Shabu ntau dua 3 zaug.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua ntau cov ntsiab lus faib cov qauv ntawm cov qauv saum npoo.

5. Lwm yam khoom siv: ntim khoom thauj thiab yug tsiaj xws li tawb lossis ntses tank.Ua ntej, soj ntsuam lossis nkag siab txog hom tsiaj tshwj xeeb uas khaws cia thiab bred hauv lub thawv, thiab sau cov qauv swab rau ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub thawv lossis cov qauv ua kua ntawm cov khoom.

6.Sau cov qauv aerosol hauv thaj chaw uas cov neeg tuaj sib sau ua ke, qhov cua tsis zoo hauv cheeb tsam kev lag luam, chaw ua haujlwm, thiab chav so.

II.Sampling cov cuab yeej
1. Lub raj ntim ntshav
Yog tias koj yuav tsum ua cov tshuaj nucleic acid thiab kuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov hlab ntsha nqus uas muaj EDTA anticoagulant los sau cov ntshav;Rau kev kuaj ntshav, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov hlab ntsha nqus tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulant.

2. Sampling swab

Nws raug nquahu kom siv polypropylene swabs es tsis txhob siv calcium alginate swabs los yog swabs nrog ntoo ncej, vim hais tias lawv yuav muaj cov tshuaj uas inactivate tej yam kab mob thiab inhibit PCR kuaj.Swabs nrog paj rwb taub hau tsis tuaj yeem siv, vim tias cov paj rwb fibers muaj qhov muaj zog adsorption ntawm cov protein thiab tsis yooj yim eluted rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej.

Nyob rau hauv "Technical Specifications for 10-in-1 Mixed Collection and Detection of New Coronavirus Nucleic Acids", nws tau hais meej meej tias "tus qauv swab yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm polyester, nylon thiab lwm yam tsis yog paj rwb thiab tsis yog-calcium alginate cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tus kov yuav tsum yog cov khoom siv tsis yog ntoo.Qhov taw tes tawg yog li 3cm los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub taub hau swab, uas yooj yim tawg. "

CDC hauv Tebchaws Meskas kuj tau hais tias "Siv tsuas yog siv hluavtaws fiber ntau nrog cov yas lossis cov hlua hlau.Tsis txhob siv calcium alginate swabs orswabs nrog ntoo ncej,vim tias lawv yuav muaj cov tshuaj uas ua rau qee cov kab mob tsis zoo thiab inhibit PCR kuaj.

Tam sim no dav siv yog ib tug pov tseg sterile nylon flocking swab ua ke nrog ib tug pas nrig yas.Flocking swab muaj qhov nqus dej zoo dua thiab tso tawm tus nqi.Raws li qhov chaw sib txawv, lub taub hau swab kuj muaj qhov sib txawv thiab cov fibers.Qhov tuab.”

3. Qauv kev txuag kev thauj mus los

Tus kab mob inactivation preservation tov: ib qho tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm guanidine ntsev concentration thiab ntau yam kab mob lysis Cheebtsam tuaj yeem ncaj qha lyse tus kab mob kom tso tawm nucleic acid, inactivate RNase thiab DNase, thiab xyuas kom meej cov nucleic acid, uas yuav siv tau rau tom ntej qPCR nrhiav.Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev cog qoob loo thiab cais tawm.

Kev thauj tus kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob: muaj cov ntsev, amino acids, cov vitamins, qabzib thiab cov protein uas xav tau rau kev muaj sia nyob ntawm tus kab mob, uas tuaj yeem tswj cov haujlwm ntawm tus kabmob.Nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev tshem tawm cov nucleic acid thiab kuaj pom tus kab mob yav tom ntej, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev cog qoob loo thiab kev sib cais ntawm tus kab mob.

4. Sample preservation raj thiab qauv hnab

Cov qauv cia lub raj yuav tsum yog lub raj yas tsis muaj menyuam nrog lub hau ntswj uas tsis adsorb nucleic acid.Txhua lub raj coj mus kuaj yuav tsum tau them nrog ib lub hnab coj mus kuaj kom tsis txhob xau thiab kis kab mob ntawm cov qauv.

III.Kev cuam tshuam cov khoom hauv cov qauv

Kev cuam tshuam cov tshuaj hauv PCR kev sim

1. endogenous cuam tshuam

Cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev qauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev tshawb nrhiav lwm yam khoom.

Ntshav:heme (> 1mg / ml), hemin (> 0.1ng / μl), triglycerides, IgG, thiab lwm yam;

Tso zis:Urea (20 mM);

quav:cog polysaccharides, cholate;

Cov ntaub so ntswg:protease, collagen;

Miscalcium ion, protease;

Tshuaj: tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj hormones, thiab lwm yam.

lwm yam.

2. exogenous cuam tshuam

Nws los ntawm cov khoom uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm lwm yam tshuaj hauv vitro.Sample additives thiab tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tiv tauj thaum lub sij hawm sau thiab ua cov qauv:

Cov khoom siv kuaj: cov kua dej sib cais gel, coj mus kuaj lub thawv thiab roj hmab stopper, catheter, catheter flushing kua, hnab looj tes hmoov, thiab lwm yam.

Anticoagulant: heparin (> 0.1 U / mL), EDTA (> 0.5 mM), thiab lwm yam;

Organic kuab tshuajisopropanol (> 0.1 IU / ml), betaine, dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, glycerin, PEG, thiab lwm yam.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob: cawv (ethanol> 1%), aldehydes, phenols (phenol> 0.2%), peroxides, muaj zog acids (HCL), muaj zog alkalis (NaOH), thiab lwm yam.

Detergent:SDS (> 0.005%);

Av: Humus

Dyestuff: Indigo

lwm yam.

Raws li qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv sab nraud, xws li kev sau cov qauv ib puag ncig, cov qauv yuav muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam cov khoom, thiab cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv txhua qhov chaw sib txawv, uas yuav tsum muaj PCR cuam tshuam kev sim ua raws li hauv zos.

IV.Cov qauv khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los

Cov tshuaj uas tau khaws cia tshiab yuav tsum raug xa mus rau chav kuaj hauv 2 mus rau 4 teev tom qab sau ntawm 2 ° C txog 8 ° C.Khaws ntawm 4 ℃ hauv 24 teev.Cov qauv siv rau kev cais tus kab mob thiab kuaj nucleic acid yuav tsum tau sim sai li sai tau.Cov khoom tuaj yeem kuaj tau hauv 24 teev tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm 4 ° C;Cov qauv uas tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom tsis pub dhau 24 teev yuav tsum khaws cia ntawm -70 ° C lossis qis dua (yog tias tsis yog - Khaws ntawm 70 ° C hauv lub tub yees ntawm -20 ° C).

Cov ntsiab lus:Kev sau cov qauv, kev thauj mus los thiab khaws cia cov qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sim tom ntej.Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau qhov kev kuaj sim yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sau tsis raug, kev thauj mus los thiab kev khaws cia ntawm cov qauv uas ua rau degradation ntawm cov kab mob nucleic acid.Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub chaw soj nstuam tseem tsis quav ntsej txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv.Kuv vam tias tsab xov xwm no tuaj yeem ua rau txhua tus neeg xav paub txog kev ua piv txwv thiab ua kom muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau dua thiab tsim nyog tus qauv!

Yam khoom:

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (I) (Multiplex PCR Fluorescent Probe Method)-Rau Detection Of Mutants From Brazil, South Africa, Thiab UK